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Poor and insufficient sleep are a major public health problem, with more 1 in 3 adults not getting the high-quality rest they need to meet their sleep needs. Sleep deprivation contributes to chronic disease, accident and injury risks, compromised cognitive performance, social and emotional dysfunction, reduced mortality, and a lower quality of life. Improving sleep can have nothing short of transformational, life-altering, life-extending effects, and float therapy can serve as a solution for sleep issues. Sleep problems—including restless, unrefreshing sleep and insomnia—develop for any number of reasons. Psychological stress, anxiety and depression, physical pain and inflammation, stimulation from the constantly buzzing, brightly-lit world we occupy—these and other factors all contribute to today’s widespread problems with sleep. Scientific evidence going back decades shows the benefits that float therapy has in addressing sleep problems. Research shows that regular float sessions lead to improvements in symptoms of insomnia, and a shortening of the time it takes to fall asleep, and improves both sleep amounts and sleep quality. Some fascinating recent research indicates that float therapy alters brain activity to look more like the lighter stages of sleep itself, when we’re in a deeply relaxed, mixed state of consciousness. One of the most promising scientific findings about floatation REST and sleep? Many studies show that the benefits for sleep that come from floating can last for several weeks or months, and even longer when a regular floating routine is maintained as a long-term practice. What’s behind these benefits? Floating triggers a series of bio-chemical and neurological changes that directly support healthy, sound sleep. Those same floatation-induced changes also improve physiological and psychological health—and those improvements in turn help serve as a solution for sleep. Let’s take a closer look. Floating’s sleep-promoting pathways Floating lowers cortisol. Cortisol is intricately connected to both stress and sleep. A stimulating, alerting hormone, cortisol—like the body’s other hormones—runs on a 24-hour bio clock in the body. Cortisol levels rise to their peak first thing in the morning, and fall to their lowest levels in the middle of the night. High cortisol levels typically go hand in hand with diminished levels of melatonin, a hormone that is essential for paving our way to sleep each night. Elevated cortisol levels can interfere with sleep and in turn, a lack of sleep can aggravate cortisol levels outside of a healthy range. Too-high cortisol throws the body’s bio clock—it’s 24-hour circadian timekeeper—off course, which causes sleep problems and increases risks for disease. There’s a strong and growing body of research that shows significant reductions to cortisol from floating. Floating reduces stress. Unfortunately, many people live in a state of hyperarousal, with chronic stress that interferes with sleep, disrupts circadian rhythms, and strains the body’s immune system.  The lack of external stimuli in the float environment has the effect of all but eliminating the body’s stress response, breaking the hold of mental and physical hyperarousal and hypervigilance. Spikes in cortisol are one major component of that response. Floating appears to take us out of “flight or fight and moves us into “rest and recover.” There’s a growing body of research showing that beyond lowering cortisol, floating can lead to reductions in other key physiological and psychological signs of stress and anxiety. Float therapy has been shown to: lower blood pressure, reduce stress related muscle pain and tension, improve fatigue and lower anxiety levels, while increasing positive mood, energy, and relaxation. Floating boosts slow, sleep-like brain waves.  Several studies demonstrate how floatation therapy can move people into different, more relaxed states of consciousness, including the kind of deep relaxation where time perception is altered and creativity is enhanced. Recent analysis shows that the mind’s consciousness during floating may take on characteristics of Stages 1 and 2 sleep. And other studies have shown that floating increases the presence of low frequency delta and theta brain waves, which are also present during sleep. These changes are similar to what happens in the brain during meditation.  Meditation also alters brain activity, decreasing high-frequency beta waves and increasing low-frequency theta wave activity in different parts of the brain. A waking brain that’s populated with theta waves is likely to be in a state of flow—that wandering, daydreaming, internally focused state of consciousness that is linked to creativity and to mental rejuvenation, as well as to the onset of sleep. The universal benefits of floating like these make it a great solution for sleep problems for every demographic. The psychological benefits of floating for sleep Anxiety and depression are major sleep-disruptors. When these conditions improve, so does sleep. Anxiety and depression often occur together, and one or both are present in a significant majority of individuals with sleep problems. Some of the most promising recent research investigating float therapy involves its impact on anxiety and depression, and other mental health conditions that co-occur with them. Research shows that a series of regular float sessions can significantly reduce symptoms anxiety and depression, and improve our ability to regulate emotions. As one 2018 study demonstrates, even a single float session can work quickly to provide short term relief for both anxiety and depression. Alongside reductions to the psychological symptoms of anxiety, floating also can ease anxiety’s physical symptoms, including muscle tension and elevated blood pressure. Scientists have documented the increase in the degree of interoceptive awareness that comes from floating. Interoceptive awareness is an awareness of the self, of body, mind, and feelings. Enhanced interoceptive awareness is one of the hallmarks of a mindful, meditative state—and it’s one essential part of what makes meditation and mindfulness so effective in helping us sleep better, as well as treating emotional dysregulation, stress, physical pain and psychological conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder. The physiological benefits of floating for sleep Just as psychological stress creeps in to our daily lives and takes its toll on sleep and well being, physical pain also creates an ongoing, sleep-disruptive presence in our lives, often without our full awareness. Stress and pain frequently occur together, reinforcing one another in a cycle that’s especially challenging for sleep. That debilitating cycle of poor sleep, stress, and pain can also lead people to seek help from prescription sleep and pain medications, or to self-medication with alcohol, caffeine and other drugs. A possible solution for sleep could be reducing your overall pain. Pain relief is one of the most prominent benefits of floatation REST therapy, according to research. Studies have documented how floating can help a range of pain-related conditions, including: Muscle tension and stress-related pain. Our “fight or flight” stress response—with the excitatory hormones and inflammation surges that come with it—is a primary trigger for pain. Floatation therapy is effective in reducing muscle pain and the physical pain connected to psychological stress, including headache, neck and back pain. Finding relief for chronic and intermittent physical pain ant the psychological frustration that goes with it can remove major impediments for many adults who struggle to get the sleep they need. Fibromyalgia. Sleep troubles are a core symptom of fibromyalgia. Float therapy can help people with fibromyalgia floatation therapy on fibromyalgia reduce pain sensitivity and pain intensity, reduce muscle tension and improve ease of movement, and lower anxiety. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis is almost always accompanied by sleep problems. Float therapy has been shown to benefit two of the most common types of arthritis. Studies show that floatation rest is effective in treating pain, increasing strength and range of motion in people with rheumatoid arthritis, and improving pain and function in osteoarthritis, while also addressing the stress and anxiety that accompanies the condition. Exercise recovery.  The practice of floating can help the body heal and recover after exercise, according to recent research. This 2013 study found that a one-hour float session after vigorous exercise resulted in significant reductions to pain sensitivity as well as significantly lower levels of blood lactate, a compound produced by the body during intense exertion. Exercise and sleep reinforce one another. Less pain means better rest, which translates to a more consistent exercise routine, and even better sleep. Float therapy can be an amazing experience that can act as a solution for sleep issues, book in for a chat to see how we can help you get more rest.

Flotation therapy, also known as restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST), is a relaxation technique that involves floating in a tank filled with Epsom salt water. The tank is dark and soundproof, which helps to reduce sensory stimulation and promote deep relaxation. Flotation therapy has been shown to have a number of benefits for athletes, including reducing muscle soreness, improving mood, and promoting better sleep. A recent study published in the journal Performance Enhancement & Health investigated the effects of flotation therapy on muscle soreness and mood in elite athletes. The study included 60 elite athletes from a variety of sports. The athletes completed a modified multidimensional mood-state questionnaire and a visual analogue scale to assess muscle soreness immediately before and 10 minutes after a flotation session. The results of the study showed that flotation therapy significantly reduced muscle soreness and improved mood in the athletes. The largest effect sizes were seen for the mood-state variables "worn-out," "at ease," "tense," "fresh," and "exhausted." The study also found that napping during a flotation session did not provide any additional benefits in terms of muscle soreness or mood. However, the researchers noted that the sample size for the napping group was relatively small, so further research is needed to confirm these findings. The researchers concluded that flotation therapy is a safe and effective way for elite athletes to reduce muscle soreness and improve mood. They suggested that flotation therapy could be used as a regular recovery strategy for athletes, particularly during periods of intense training or competition. Practical implications for athletes The findings of this study suggest that flotation therapy could be a valuable tool for elite athletes to improve their recovery and performance. Flotation therapy can help to reduce muscle soreness, improve mood, and promote better sleep. All of these factors can contribute to improved athletic performance. Here are some specific ways that flotation therapy could be used by athletes: To recover from a tough workout or competition: Flotation therapy can help to reduce muscle soreness and improve mood after a tough workout or competition. This can help athletes to feel fresher and more energized for their next training session or competition. To prepare for a competition: Flotation therapy can help athletes to relax and focus on the lead-up to a competition. This can help them to perform at their best. To manage stress and anxiety: Flotation therapy can help athletes to manage stress and anxiety, both of which can have a negative impact on performance. If you enjoy sport on any level, I encourage you to consider trying flotation therapy to see if it can help you to improve your recovery and performance.

Menopause is a natural stage in a woman's life, but it can be accompanied by a variety of uncomfortable symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and fatigue. While there is no cure for menopause, there are a number of things women can do to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Floatation therapy and infrared sauna are two complementary therapies that can offer significant benefits for women going through menopause. Floatation therapy is a practice of floating in a tank filled with warm, highly concentrated Epsom salt solution. The salt solution makes the body buoyant, so you effortlessly float without any effort. This allows you to completely relax and detach from the outside world. Infrared sauna is a type of sauna that uses infrared light to heat the body directly. This type of sauna is gentler on the body than traditional saunas, and it can produce a number of health benefits, including: - Improved circulation - Reduced inflammation - Weight loss - Pain relief - Skin detoxification - Improved sleep How can floatation therapy and infrared sauna benefit women going through menopause? Reduce hot flashes and night sweats. Both floatation therapy and infrared sauna can help to reduce hot flashes and night sweats, two of the most common symptoms of menopause. The heat from the sauna can help to dilate blood vessels and increase circulation, which can help to cool the body. Floatation therapy can also help to reduce stress, which is a common trigger for hot flushes. Improve mood Menopause can cause a variety of mood changes, including anxiety, depression, and irritability. Floatation therapy and infrared sauna can both help to improve mood. Floatation therapy can help to reduce stress and promote relaxation, while infrared sauna can help to increase circulation and release endorphins, which have mood-boosting effects. The infrared sauna has also been shown to reduce brain fog and fatigue. Improve sleep Menopause can disrupt sleep, and many women experience difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Floatation therapy and infrared sauna can both help to improve sleep. Floatation therapy can help to promote relaxation and reduce stress, both of which can interfere with sleep. Infrared sauna can also help to improve sleep by increasing circulation and releasing endorphins. Relieve pain Menopause can cause a variety of aches and pains, such as joint pain, muscle pain, and headaches. Floatation therapy and infrared sauna can both help to relieve pain. The heat from the sauna can help to relax muscles and reduce inflammation, while floatation therapy can help to reduce stress, which can also contribute to pain. Improve skin health Menopause can cause a variety of changes to the skin, such as dryness, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. Floatation therapy and infrared sauna can both help to improve skin health. The heat from the sauna can help to improve circulation and remove toxins from the skin, while floatation therapy can help to hydrate the skin and promote cell regeneration. If you are going through menopause, floatation therapy and infrared sauna can be a helpful addition to your treatment plan. These therapies can help to reduce your symptoms and improve your overall quality of life. Here are some tips for getting the most out of floatation therapy and infrared sauna: - Start slowly. If you are new to either therapy, start with a short session and gradually increase the length of your sessions as you become more comfortable. - Listen to your body. If you feel any discomfort during a session, stop immediately. - Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of fluids before, during, and after your sessions. - Avoid caffeine and alcohol before your sessions. These substances can dehydrate you and make you feel worse. - Wear loose-fitting clothing. You will be completely naked in the floatation tank, so wear something that is comfortable and easy to remove. - Relax and enjoy the experience. Floatation therapy and infrared sauna are both very relaxing experiences. Take some time to clear your mind and focus on your breath.

Floating, can be a powerful tool for exploring consciousness and the inner workings of the mind. In this post, we'll explore how floating can facilitate consciousness exploration and how you can use this unique therapy to enhance your personal growth and self-discovery. What is consciousness exploration? Consciousness exploration refers to the practice of examining and investigating one's own consciousness, thoughts, and feelings. It involves delving deep into the inner workings of the mind, and exploring the nature of reality and the self. Consciousness exploration can be achieved through various practices such as meditation or floatation therapy. How does floating facilitate consciousness exploration? Floating is a unique therapy that can facilitate consciousness exploration in several ways. The reduction of external stimuli such as light and sound - can help to quiet the mind and bring attention to the internal workings of the body and mind. This can allow for a deep sense of relaxation and introspection, creating an ideal environment for consciousness exploration. Additionally, the weightlessness of the body in the water can help to create a feeling of detachment from the physical body, which can be useful for exploring the nature of the self and the ego. Many people report experiencing profound insights, clarity, and heightened states of awareness during floatation therapy. How can you use floating for consciousness exploration? If you're interested in using floating for consciousness exploration, here are some tips to get started: 1. Set an intention for your floatation session. What do you want to explore or learn about yourself? What questions do you want to ask? 2. Practice mindfulness and awareness during your float. Try to observe your thoughts and feelings without judgment or attachment. 3. Use visualization or guided meditation exercises to explore different aspects of your consciousness, such as your inner child, past traumas, or future aspirations. Overall, floating can be a powerful tool for consciousness exploration and personal growth. Whether you're looking to gain clarity, insight, or a deeper understanding of yourself and the world around you, floatation therapy can help you to achieve a state of relaxation and introspection that is ideal for exploring the inner workings of the mind.

For most of us catching covid now means nothing more serious than a few days in bed, but for many others the covid-19 era is not over yet. There are a great number of people who are still suffering with long-covid, which continues to have a huge impact on their daily lives. Over the past year (Nov 2021 - Nov 2022) Floating Point has been supporting long covid patients with recovery and managing their symptoms which have included the following, - Fatigue - Brain Fog - Problems Sleeping - Joint and muscle pain - Depression - Anxiety All 40 participants in this case study had been suffering with long covid symptoms for a minimum period of 6 months. Their treatment plan consisted of two 60 min float sessions and one 40 min infrared sauna session, this was over a period of 4 weeks with 10 days between treatments. We tracked and recorded data via specially designed research questionnaires that were completed pre and post treatments to ascertain the efficacy of the treatments in relation to reducing long covid symptoms. The most common symptoms across all participants were fatigue, brain fog, depression and anxiety. Here are the key results from the case study, The infrared sauna had the biggest impact on the severity of fatigue, there was an overall average decrease of 2 positions on the scale within the parameters of 0 being not present & 10 being life disturbing. There were a few participants where their fatigue levels dropped by 3 points. Eg. 7 to 4. This was an overall drop in severity of fatigue symptoms of around 25%. The results from the floatation therapy sessions also point to a decrease in the severity of fatigue, again with an average decrease of 2 positions on the scale within the parameters of 0 being not present & 10 being life disturbing. This was an overall drop in severity of fatigue symptoms by 20%. There was also a decrease in levels of anxiety, with an overall average decrease of 2 positions on the scale, with 5 participants dropping by 3 positions. This was also the case for levels of depression, where there was an average decrease of 2 positions on the scale within the parameters of 0 being not depressed & 10 being extremely depressed. This was an overall drop in severity of depression and anxiety by 20%. There is a good bank of quality research that highlights the benefits of floating for the reduction of anxiety and stress. This was definitely noticeable for many of the participants, we had one participant who was having panic attacks 6+ times a week, following their first float session they had 2 panic attacks all week. Research published in PLoS ONE by Dr Justin Feinstein (2018) 13, specifically noted how floating affects people with signs of stress, depression, and anxiety. After just one float participants mood improved and anxiety was reduced. The Infrared sauna had a noticeable impact on the reduction of fatigue and brain fog in the days after their sauna session. Robust evidence suggests that sauna use promotes mild hyperthermia, which, in turn, induces a wide array of beneficial physiological responses. These responses reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and activate cellular defence systems such as heat shock proteins, which provide protection against many diseases. Both treatments had a very positive impact on the participants, it gave their minds and bodies a chance to rest, recharge & relax which is important. Managing long covid is mentally and physically challenging, floating and the infrared sauna have shown to be beneficial in both these areas and improving quality of life. An overall decrease in levels of fatigue, brain fog, anxiety and depression by an average of 20% is quite a signifiant drop for those suffering with long covid. We hope to help many more people moving forward. Here are a few comments from the participants, 'The day following my IR Sauna I woke with a clear head (very rare since having Covid) and feeling energised. I have had 2 good night’s sleep and feel less fatigued and more alert.’ ‘I feel less stressed and anxious after the sessions.’ ‘I felt less stressed and had less anxiety attacks.’ ‘The float did help me with focusing on my breathing, and relaxing.’ ‘I felt so relaxed and chilled, I thought I would be anxious as it was the 1st time, I had done anything like this before. Michael was so nice and welcoming, and the facilities was so calm and clean. My body pain was so much lower after and still several hours later. It will be interesting to see how my body feels tomorrow. I suffer from depression and my brain has not felt this empty for years if that makes sense.’ ‘Slept well. Able to clean windows today without feeling burnt out.’ ‘I felt a real feeling of boosted energy after my session. Felt extremely relaxed and this feeling stayed with me over next few days too. I managed to also play my mixed badminton for the 1st time. My breathing has also felt easier.’ ‘For my own individual needs, I found the infrared Sauna very relaxing and allowed me to destress a lot.’ ‘I am feeling more energised generally and though I still get bit breathless and have some days when I get very wiped out, I mainly feel like I am able to do more. I push myself at work now but still Not fully up to managing my normal exercise level yet. Hopefully it will be something I introduce soon again.’ For more information on reducing cortisol levels and inflammation please read the previous blog post

In any given week in England, 6 in 100 people will be diagnosed with generalised anxiety disorder (Mind) In the UK, over 8 million people are experiencing an anxiety disorder at any one time (Mental Health UK). These reactions are normal in our current climate, but they can also take a physical and mental toll with an increase in cortisol levels. Focusing on your mental wellbeing and lowering stress levels can help in reducing inflammation and help our bodies cope better when we do become ill in general, especially at this time of year. Firstly, we will look at what cortisol is and how it affects us physically and mentally. Then we will look at how floating and the infrared sauna can help reduce stress and inflammation. What is Cortisol? Cortisol, a glucocorticoid (steroid hormone), is produced from cholesterol in the two adrenal glands located on top of each kidney. It is normally released in response to events and circumstances such as waking up in the morning, exercising, and acute stress. Cortisol’s far-reaching, systemic effects play many roles in the body’s effort to carry out its processes and maintain homeostasis. When chronically elevated, cortisol can have deleterious effects on weight, immune function, and chronic disease risk. Cortisol (along with its partner epinephrine) is best known for its involvement in the “fight-or-flight” response and temporary increase in energy production, at the expense of processes that are not required for immediate survival. The resulting biochemical and hormonal imbalances (ideally) resolve due to a hormonally driven negative feedback loop. The following is a typical example of how the stress response operates as its intended survival mechanism: 1. An individual is faced with a stressor. 2. A complex hormonal cascade ensues, and the adrenals secrete cortisol. 3. Cortisol prepares the body for a fight-or-flight response by flooding it with glucose, supplying an immediate energy source to large muscles. 4. Cortisol inhibits insulin production in an attempt to prevent glucose from being stored, favouring its immediate use. 5. Cortisol narrows the arteries while the epinephrine increases heart rate, both of which force blood to pump harder and faster. 6. The individual addresses and resolves the situation. 7. Hormone levels return to normal. So, what’s the problem? In short, the theory is that with our ever-stressed, fast-paced lifestyle, our bodies are pumping out cortisol almost constantly, which can wreak havoc on our health. This whole-body process, mediated by hormones and the immune system, identifies cortisol as one of the many players. But isolating its role helps put into context the many complex mechanisms that lead to specific physiological damage. Whole-Body Effects of Elevated Cortisol Blood Sugar Imbalance and Diabetes Under stressful conditions, cortisol provides the body with glucose by tapping into protein stores via gluconeogenesis in the liver. This energy can help an individual fight or flee a stressor. However, elevated cortisol over the long term consistently produces glucose, leading to increased blood sugar levels. Theoretically, this mechanism can increase the risk for type 2 diabetes, although a causative factor is unknown.1 Since a principal function of cortisol is to thwart the effect of insulin—essentially rendering the cells insulin resistant—the body remains in a general insulin-resistant state when cortisol levels are chronically elevated. Over time, the pancreas struggles to keep up with the high demand for insulin, glucose levels in the blood remain high, the cells cannot get the sugar they need, and the cycle continues. Weight Gain and Obesity Repeated elevation of cortisol can lead to weight gain.2 One way is via visceral fat storage. Cortisol can mobilize triglycerides from storage and relocate them to visceral fat cells (those under the muscle, deep in the abdomen). Cortisol also aids adipocytes’ development into mature fat cells. The biochemical process at the cellular level has to do with enzyme control (11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), which converts cortisone to cortisol in adipose tissue. More of these enzymes in the visceral fat cells may mean greater amounts of cortisol produced at the tissue level, adding insult to injury (since the adrenals are already pumping out cortisol). Also, visceral fat cells have more cortisol receptors than subcutaneous fat. A second way in which cortisol may be involved in weight gain goes back to the blood sugar-insulin problem. Consistently high blood glucose levels along with insulin suppression leads to cells that are starved of glucose. But those cells are crying out for energy, and one way to regulate is to send hunger signals to the brain. This can lead to overeating. And, of course, unused glucose is eventually stored as body fat. Another connection is cortisol’s effect on appetite and cravings for high-calorie foods. Studies have demonstrated a direct association between cortisol levels and calorie intake in populations of women.3 Cortisol may directly influence appetite and cravings by binding to hypothalamus receptors in the brain. Cortisol also indirectly influences appetite by modulating other hormones and stress responsive factors known to stimulate appetite. Immune System Suppression Cortisol functions to reduce inflammation in the body, which is good, but over time, these efforts to reduce inflammation also suppress the immune system. Chronic inflammation, caused by lifestyle factors such as poor diet and stress, helps to keep cortisol levels soaring, wreaking havoc on the immune system. An unchecked immune system responding to unabated inflammation can lead to myriad problems: an increased susceptibility to colds and other illnesses, an increased risk of cancer, the tendency to develop food allergies, an increased risk of an assortment of gastrointestinal issues (because a healthy intestine is dependent on a healthy immune system), and possibly an increased risk of autoimmune disease.4,5 Gastrointestinal Problems Cortisol activates the sympathetic nervous system, causing all of the physiologic responses previously described. As a rule, the parasympathetic nervous system must then be suppressed, since the two systems cannot operate simultaneously. The parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated during quiet activities such as eating, which is important because for the body to best use food energy, enzymes and hormones controlling digestion and absorption must be working at their peak performance. Imagine what goes on in a cortisol-flooded, stressed-out body when food is consumed: Digestion and absorption are compromised, indigestion develops, and the mucosal lining becomes irritated and inflamed. This may sound familiar. Ulcers are more common during stressful times, and many people with irritable bowel syndrome and colitis report improvement in their symptoms when they master stress management.5 And, of course, the resulting mucosal inflammation leads to the increased production of cortisol, and the cycle continues as the body becomes increasingly taxed. Cardiovascular Disease As we’ve seen, cortisol constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure to enhance the delivery of oxygenated blood. This is advantageous for fight-or-flight situations but not perpetually. Over time, such arterial constriction and high blood pressure can lead to vessel damage and plaque build-up—the perfect scenario for a heart attack. This may explain why stressed-out type A (and the newly recognized type D) personalities are at significantly greater risk for heart disease than the more relaxed type B personalities.6 Fertility Problems Elevated cortisol relating to prolonged stress can lend itself to erectile dysfunction or the disruption of normal ovulation and menstrual cycles. Furthermore, the androgenic sex hormones are produced in the same glands as cortisol and epinephrine, so excess cortisol production may hamper optimal production of these sex hormones.5 Other Issues Long-term stress and elevated cortisol may also be linked to insomnia, chronic fatigue syndrome, thyroid disorders, dementia, depression, and other conditions.4,5 The Good News So far, it may seem as though stressed-out folks are destined for failed health despite their best intentions. Fortunately, there is much we can do for ourselves to reverse the path of destruction. The best approach to keeping cortisol levels at bay is mastering stress management. We are able to do this effectively through Floatation Therapy and the Infrared Sauna. But how can Floating and Infrared Saunas help? Floating In our fast paced society stress management is of the utmost importance. Floatation therapy has been used successfully in clinical stress management and has been found to reduce blood pressure, cortisol levels, and other stress-related neuro-chemicals such as norepinephrine, adrenaline and ACTH 11, 12. (Turner & Fine, 1983; Turner & Fine, 1991; Dierendonck, 2005). These neuro-chemicals are known to trigger the fight-or-flight response, which is great if we need to react quickly to life-threatening situations. But not when our body overreacts to stressors that are not life-threatening, such as traffic jams, work pressure, and family difficulties. By eliciting the relaxation response, floatation therapy puts us in a calm, unshakable, steady, balanced, and totally concentrated state of mind that allows us to manage stress effectively. Previous research has presented floatation therapy as a tool to help reduce stress and increase relaxation. Although, many studies have used healthy subjects, only a few studies have surveyed floating for people with anxiety. Recent research published in PLoS ONE by Dr Justin Feinstein (2018) 13, specifically noted how floating affects people with signs of stress, depression, and anxiety. The study included 50 participants indicating a wide variety of stress-related symptoms and anxiety disorders such as social and generalized anxiety, panic, and post-traumatic stress. 30 healthy individuals also involved in the study offer context. After experiencing floatation therapy, 47 out of 50 patients felt floating could be an efficient intervention for minimizing levels of anxiety. As well as this, every participant requested to try the treatment again. Therefore, the study suggests that floating may be successful treatment for anxiety since after just one float participants mood improved and anxiety was reduced. Floatation therapy has the ability to trigger the relaxation response in the body. The relaxation response, which is the opposite of the fight-or-flight response, impacts the parasympathetic nervous system, reducing blood pressure, heart rate, and slowing breathing. Infrared Sauna We know that stress increases the levels of cortisol in the body, and it turns out that cortisol in turn lowers the body’s ability to fight off germs. Stress makes you more susceptible to catching a cold and becoming ill. Cohen, S., Tyrrell, DA., Smith, AP, (1991)14. In 2015 a Finnish study by Mero, A. Tornberg, J., Mäntykoski, M. Puurtinen, R. (2015) 15 found that far infrared sauna bathing with its 3-4 cm penetration into tissue reduced cortisol levels in men who had just exercised. A review study by Shanshan S, Wang X, Chiang J. Y, Zheng L. (2015) 16 also found far infrared therapy to be helpful for lowering cortisol. Offsetting heightened stress hormones like cortisol will help your body stay balanced and ready to fight off any bugs or viruses that comes along. Infrared therapy is like giving yourself a passive cardio workout – whenever you need it! The infrared sauna heats your muscles with infrared rays and produces an increase in blood flow similar to regular exercise. In fact, blood flow during infrared sauna use has been reported to rise from a normal rate of 5-7 quarts per minute to as much as 13 quarts per minute. Matsushita K, Masuda A, Tei C. (2008) 17. The elevation in body temperature from a sauna session also produces an increase in blood flow that mirrors the benefits of a passive cardiovascular workout. Regular infrared sauna use – especially in the mid-infrared range – has been shown to significantly stimulate blood flow, even after your health sauna session is completed. A 2018 meta-analysis of seven studies by Källström M. et al (2018) 18. concluded that infrared sauna sessions were associated with short‐term improvement in heart functioning for patients with heart failure. When your body is fighting an infection like a cold or flu, the immune system causes an increase in temperature, anywhere from 100.9°F (38.3°C) or higher, which is considered a fever. This elevated temperature creates a less suitable environment for these destructive bugs. Infrared saunas work similarly to a fever in the body. The infrared heat penetrates the skin and works deep in the tissues, raising core body temperature to about 102°F (39°C). The body responds to this simulated “fever” by stepping up its immune response and mobilizing the Th1 branch of the immune system. This branch is antiviral and antibacterial, as opposed to the antiparasitic and anti-allergic Th2 system. Additionally, increasing the body temperature to within the range of a fever has been shown by Evans S.S, Repasky E.A, Fisher D.T. (2015) 19. to improve the adaptive immune response. This helps the body “remember” the microbes you have been exposed to, and to be better prepared to fight them next time around. Near-infrared light activates white blood cells and increases antibodies against pathogens. In fact, a NASA study showed this same near infrared therapy, delivered by LEDs deep into body tissue, can quadruple cell health and tissue growth Dr. Whelan et al. (2000) 20. Several studies have shown that LEDs stimulate white blood cell production and collagen growth by increasing energy at the cellular level. A study done at the Medical College of Wisconsin demonstrated that LED-produced near infrared (NIR) helps promote cell health and regeneration. Most recently, and something we are excited to learn more about, Dr Rhonda Patrick talked about Sauna use and immunity with regards to COVID-19. Here is what she had to say: “No data suggest that sauna use or other modalities of heat stress such as steam showers or hot baths will have any effect on COVID-19 illness. However, robust evidence suggests that sauna use promotes mild hyperthermia, which, in turn, induces a wide array of beneficial physiological responses. These responses reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and activate cellular defence systems such as heat shock proteins, which provide protection against many diseases. Data from a 2017 study suggest that sauna use reduces the risk of developing certain chronic or acute respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, by up to 40 percent. Sauna use reduced the incidence of common colds in 25 participants who used the sauna one to two times per week for six months compared to 25 controls who did not. It is noteworthy that it took three months before sauna use had a protective effect. The mechanism by which frequent sauna use reduces the incidence of pneumonia and colds is unknown but might be related to modulation of the immune system. Levels of white blood cells (especially lymphocytes, neutrophils, and basophils) are increased in both trained and non-athletes after sauna use. While these findings are interesting, they are still preliminary and larger studies are needed to confirm. Increasing evidence suggests that certain heat shock proteins play a role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Heat shock proteins can directly stimulate innate immune responses, such as the maturation and activation of dendritic cells and the activation of natural killer cells. This indicates there may be a direct role for heat shock proteins in regulating the innate immune response, which plays an important role in the body's ability to fight off a disease that it has never been exposed to before”. Summary Cortisol is a fascinating hormone that is important to understand on many levels. Understanding the science behind it, including its behaviours and relationships to other biochemical components, the immune system, and health outcomes, is crucial to our success in treating people who seek intervention for stress, illness, fatigue, and other common complaints. Investing in your mental and physical health can help in part in reducing inflammation, improving your overall health and boosting your immune system. 1. Andrews RC, Herlihy O, Livingstone DEW, Andrew R, Walker BR. Abnormal cortisol metabolism and tissue sensitivity to cortisol in patients with glucose intolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(12):5587-5593. 2. Epel ES, McEwen B, Seeman T, et al. Stress and body shape: Stress-induced cortisol secretion is consistently greater among women with central fat. Psychosom Med. 2000;62(5):623-632. 3. Epel E, Lapidus R, McEwen B, Brownell K. Stress may add bite to appetite in women: A laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001;26(1):37-49. 4. Jones DS, Quinn S (eds). Textbook of Functional Medicine. Gig Harbor, Wash.: Institute for Functional Medicine; 2006. 5. Weinstein R. The Stress Effect. New York: Avery-Penguin Group; 2004. 6. Sher L. Type D personality: The heart, stress, and cortisol. QJM. 2005;98(5):323-329. 7. Vining RF, McGinley RA. The measurement of hormones in saliva: Possibilities and pitfalls. J Steroid Biochem. 1987;27(1-3):81-94. 8. Vining RF, McGinley RA, Maksvytis JJ, Ho KY. Salivary cortisol: A better measure of adrenal cortical function than serum cortisol. Ann Clin Biochem. 1983;20(Pt 6):329-335. 9. Hellhammer DH, Wust S, Kudielka BM. Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34,(2):163-171. 10. Kudielka BM, Hellhammer DH, Wust S. Why do we respond so differently? Reviewing determinants of human salivary cortisol responses to challenge. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34(1):2-18. 11. 'Effects of Relaxation Associated with Brief Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) on Plasma Cortisol, ACTH, and LH' - John W. Turner, Jr., and Thomas H. Fine, Medical College of Ohio (1983) 12. 'Restricting environmental stimulation influences levels and variability of plasma cortisol' - John W. Turner, Jr., and Thomas H. Fine, Medical College of Ohio (1991) 13. 'Examining the short-term anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of Floatation-REST' - Justin S. Feinstein, Sahib S. Khalsa, Hung-wen Yeh, Colleen Wohlrab, W. Kyle Simmons, Murray B. Stein, Martin P. Paulus, Laureate Institute of Brain Research (2018) 14. ‘Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold’ - Cohen S, Tyrrell DA, Smith AP, Carnegie Mellon University (1991) 15. ‘Effects of far-infrared sauna bathing on recovery from strength and endurance training sessions in men’ - Mero, A. Tornberg J, Mäntykoski M, Puurtinen R, University of Jyväskylä (2015) 16. ‘Far-infrared therapy for cardiovascular, autoimmune, and other chronic health problems: A systematic review’ - Shanshan S, Wang X, Chiang J. Y, Zheng L. Hefei University of Technology (2015) 17. Efficacy of Waon Therapy for Fibromyalgia’ - Matsushita K, Masuda A, Tei C. Kagoshima University Hospital (2008) 18. ‘Effects of sauna bath on heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis’ -Källström M, Soveri I, Oldgren J, Laukkanen J, Ichiki T, Tei C,Timmerman M, Berglund L, Hägglund H, Uppsala University (2018) 19. ‘Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat’ - Evans S.S, Repasky E.A, Fisher D.T. Roswell Park Cancer Institute (2015) 20. ‘The NASA Light-Emitting Diode Medical Program- Progress in Space Flight and Terrestrial Applications. CP504, Space Technology and Applications International Forum’ - Whelan et al (2000)

The phrase ‘switch off’ comes up during conversations at the centre. I am here to ‘switch off,’ ‘I almost switched off,’ ‘I totally switched off,’ or ‘I couldn’t quite switch off.’ If we had a penny for every time that phrase was used in a week, we would have quite a healthy sum of money. The desire to step away from reality and empty your mind appeals to a vast number of people. As we listen to people coin the term ‘switch off,’ I have been intrigued by why we are in search of such a feeling. It appears many of us are living inside our heads for so much of the time that we miss seizing the sights and sounds around us. We miss the smaller details, sipping a drink so we can savour it, the simple act of taking a breath or enjoying the warmth of water upon our skin. The float pod creates an environment for such wonderous feelings to take place, but it does not guarantee a ‘switched off’ experience. This is not necessarily a negative thing since our brain is such an extraordinary part of us. The fact that we can conjure up dreams in our deepest state is fascinating in its own way. Sometimes a switched on float may sound a bit like this; ‘I couldn’t stop thinking!’ – Perhaps this is the perfect time to think, maybe you have not had a minute to yourself all day and your brain needs to process all that has happened. Maybe it will provide you with greater clarity. ‘My mind was racing,’ - For first timers your mind may very well race as the experience can feel novel and surreal. For regulars, slowing down thoughts takes some practice and there is never a time where you will maintain one approach. Floats change all the time. ‘I was thinking about mundane tasks,’ – Your mind does not need to go into the deeper questions every second of the day; it’s ok if you thought about cooking or cleaning. Give your mind permission to have a break from the analytics of life. ‘I felt a little bored,’ - It’s not the destination but the journey that counts! Boredom is just the beginning of igniting a little or big spark to our imagination. In our overstimulated world, a lack of stimulation is ironically what your mind probably needs. These are just a few of things that can come up and when you read it over it does make a bit more sense. Yet it does beg certain questions, why do we struggle to embrace the thinking process? Do we tend to worry more or feel frightened by our own emotions? Is it much harder to confront the harder questions or the occasional mundane moments? Without over-thinking things, let’s try to break things down step by step. 1) Your breath is a focus point even if you are thinking, it is possible to bring yourself back to your breathing. Every time you do wonder off in your brain, practise counting to 10 then inhale and exhale. There is no set time for when you do this so guide yourself back when you feel ready. 2) Sometimes letting yourself feel at ease with thoughts and emotions involves slowing down. One exercise that may help is to pick a word from your thought processes to visualize. Watch that word float in the air. It does not matter what the word means; the point is to slow things right down so visualize just one word. 3) Fully immerse yourself into the ‘mundane task thinking’ that comes up. You may find some small pleasure in letting your mind drift into that state. There is no set way to relax so it is best to accept what comes up rather than fight it. 4) Give yourself permission to be bored because your mind may need it. Some of our best laid plans occur when we are bored as that time away from stimulation allows our brain to re-boot. The step-by-step process is not a definitive guide to to reach ‘nothingness’ in every float session. This blog post is a conversational piece which aims to highlight how some float sessions can be. We do not want to have unrealistic expectations of reaching nirvana. The expectations may prevent some of us from getting the most of out our sessions. We place too much ‘pressure’ on the desire to relax, too much emphasis on ‘not thinking,’ on ‘escapism.’ Our minds and bodies are powerful enough to know when to relax but we need to trust there may not be one set way to decompress. And guess what, this is ok! The beauty of floatation therapy means you end up feeling lighter regardless of what you did or did not think about. You have placed yourself in an environment where you can pause even if it is momentarily. No-one is asking anything from you, the opportunity to be alone is there and your body is free from the natural pull of gravity. Ultimately the idea of switching off does not need to take over as the state you are placed in is already doing what it needs to. You are completely free to be whoever and whatever you like in the pod. There is no need to expect, wait for something to happen or worry about why you are thinking because it is your unique experience.

There is nothing quite like a 20-minute sweat session in a sauna. You feel more relaxed and rested after you are done, and the heat helps relieve sore muscles and improves your overall health and well-being. But if the high temperatures of a traditional sauna are just too much for you to handle, an infrared sauna may offer the benefits of a sauna without the extreme heat. What is an Infrared Sauna? Unlike a traditional sauna, infrared saunas do not heat the air around you. Instead, they use infrared lamps (that use electromagnetic radiation) to warm your body directly. “These saunas use infrared panels instead of conventional heat to easily penetrate human tissue, heating up your body before heating up the air.” An infrared sauna can operate at a lower temperature (usually between 48˚C and 80˚C) than a traditional sauna. Manufacturers claim that in an infrared sauna, only about 20 percent of the heat goes to heat the air and the other 80 percent directly heats your body. Supporters of infrared saunas say the heat penetrates more deeply than warmed air. This allows you to experience a more intense sweat at a lower temperature. This environment is more tolerable, which allows you to stay in the sauna longer while increasing your core body temperature by two to three degrees. We have a Clearlight Full Spectrum Infrared Sauna; this sauna has three types of infrared waves in one sauna: · NEAR-infrared spectrum · MID-infrared spectrum · FAR-infrared spectrum The near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, delivered at the ideal wavelength of 880nm without extreme heat or light, stimulates your mitochondria (energy-producers of the cell) to promote immune cell growth and activity. It also helps reduce inflammation and pain and speeds healing. The mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum is a longer wavelength that penetrates deep into your tissues, helping the body to heal from within. The MIR spectrum increases circulation, speeds healing, and supports deep, restorative sleep. The far-infrared (FIR) spectrum is the longest wavelength, so it is deeply healing as it penetrates far into the body where toxins are stored. It raises your core body temperature and helps the body counteract stress. What are the benefits of an Infrared Sauna? The supposed benefits of using an infrared sauna are similar to those experienced with a traditional sauna. These include: Reducing stress Relief from sore muscles Pain relief Cardiovascular benefits Improves function of the immune system Reducing Stress We know that stress increases the levels of cortisol in the body, and it turns out that cortisol in turn lowers the body’s ability to fight off germs. Stress makes you more susceptible to catching a cold and becoming ill. Cohen, S., Tyrrell, DA., Smith, AP, (1991) In 2015 a Finnish study by Mero, A. Tornberg, J., Mäntykoski, M. Puurtinen, R. (2015) found that far infrared sauna bathing with its 3-4 cm penetration into tissue reduced cortisol levels in men who had just exercised. A review study by Shanshan S, Wang X, Chiang J. Y, Zheng L. (2015) also found far infrared therapy to be helpful for lowering cortisol. Offsetting heightened stress hormones like cortisol will help your body stay balanced and ready to fight off any bugs or viruses that comes along. Relief from sore muscles A small study conducted of 10 healthy, physically active men in 2015 concluded that the deeply penetrating heat of a Far Infrared Sauna set at mild temperatures and light humidity are “favourable.” A. Tornberg, J., Mäntykoski, M. Puurtinen, R. (2015) Additionally, in a NASA study done by Dr. Whelan et al. (2000) with near-infrared heat, determined that LED technology allows for deep penetration of tissue and increased cell growth from the inside. Finally, a 2003 study conducted by Kandolf-Sekulovic L, Kataranovski M, Pavlovic M.D, (2003) at the Department of Dermatology and Institute of Medical Research by showed that use of near-infrared heat therapy helped the production of white blood cells to alleviate inflammation and reduce swelling, two key factors in easing bodily pain.³ Translation: Infrared saunas could be used as a post workout recovery tool for athletes and other physically active folks. The authors also highlight the fact that FIRS provide a “comfortable and relaxing” experience. Pain relief One promising finding is that infrared saunas could help reduce pain for certain people. In a small study by Oosterveld, F.G.J., Rasker, J.J., Floors, M. et al. (2009) 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 17 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (an inflammatory disease that can affect the spine) completed eight infrared sauna sessions over the course of four weeks. Results showed that during these sessions, patients experienced decreased pain and stiffness to a statistically significant degree. And, over the course of the four-week trial, the patients showed clinical improvements in pain, stiffness, and fatigue. Also promising: The study did not find any adverse effects from the infrared sauna sessions, and the sauna sessions did not exacerbate the patient’s diseases. These findings suggest infrared saunas are a feasible treatment for patients with inflammatory arthritis, though the authors note that folks should chat with their doctor before using infrared saunas for treatment and that more research on the topic involving bigger populations is definitely needed. A Japanese study published in the journal, Internal Medicine by Matsushita K, Masuda A, Tei C. (2008), showed that chronic pain patients suffering with Fibromyalgia experienced a significant reduction in pain levels (nearly 70%) after the first session of infrared sauna therapy. Pain scores also decreased significantly and remained low throughout the observation period. Researchers concluded that infrared heat therapy is effective for chronic pain treatment. Cardiovascular benefits Infrared therapy is like giving yourself a passive cardio workout – whenever you need it! The infrared sauna heats your muscles with infrared rays and produces an increase in blood flow similar to regular exercise. In fact, blood flow during infrared sauna use has been reported to rise from a normal rate of 5-7 quarts per minute to as much as 13 quarts per minute. Matsushita K, Masuda A, Tei C. (2008) The elevation in body temperature from a sauna session also produces an increase in blood flow that mirrors the benefits of a passive cardiovascular workout. Regular infrared sauna use – especially in the mid-infrared range – has been shown to significantly stimulate blood flow, even after your health sauna session is completed. A 2018 meta-analysis of seven studies by Källström M. et al (2018) concluded that infrared sauna sessions were associated with short‐term improvement in heart functioning for patients with heart failure. Improves function of the immune system When your body is fighting an infection like a cold or flu, the immune system causes an increase in temperature, anywhere from 100.9°F (38.3°C) or higher, which is considered a fever. This elevated temperature creates a less suitable environment for these destructive bugs. Infrared saunas work similarly to a fever in the body. The infrared heat penetrates the skin and works deep in the tissues, raising core body temperature to about 102°F (39°C). The body responds to this simulated “fever” by stepping up its immune response and mobilizing the Th1 branch of the immune system. This branch is antiviral and antibacterial, as opposed to the antiparasitic and anti-allergic Th2 system. Additionally, increasing the body temperature to within the range of a fever has been shown by Evans S.S, Repasky E.A, Fisher D.T. (2015) to improve the adaptive immune response. This helps the body “remember” the microbes you have been exposed to, and to be better prepared to fight them next time around. Near-infrared light activates white blood cells and increases antibodies against pathogens. In fact, a NASA study showed this same near infrared therapy, delivered by LEDs deep into body tissue, can quadruple cell health and tissue growth Dr. Whelan et al. (2000) Several studies have shown that LEDs stimulate white blood cell production and collagen growth by increasing energy at the cellular level. A study done at the Medical College of Wisconsin demonstrated that LED-produced near infrared (NIR) helps promote cell health and regeneration. Infrared Sauna Use & COVID-19 Most recently, and something we are excited to learn more about, Dr Rhonda Patrick talked about Sauna use and immunity with regards to COVID-19. Here is what she had to say: “No data suggest that sauna use or other modalities of heat stress such as steam showers or hot baths will have any effect on COVID-19 illness. However, robust evidence suggests that sauna use promotes mild hyperthermia, which, in turn, induces a wide array of beneficial physiological responses. These responses reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and activate cellular defence systems such as heat shock proteins, which provide protection against many diseases. Data from a 2017 study suggest that sauna use reduces the risk of developing certain chronic or acute respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, by up to 40 percent. Sauna use reduced the incidence of common colds in 25 participants who used the sauna one to two times per week for six months compared to 25 controls who did not. It is noteworthy that it took three months before sauna use had a protective effect. The mechanism by which frequent sauna use reduces the incidence of pneumonia and colds is unknown but might be related to modulation of the immune system. Levels of white blood cells (especially lymphocytes, neutrophils, and basophils) are increased in both trained and non-athletes after sauna use. While these findings are interesting, they are still preliminary and larger studies are needed to confirm. Increasing evidence suggests that certain heat shock proteins play a role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Heat shock proteins can directly stimulate innate immune responses, such as the maturation and activation of dendritic cells and the activation of natural killer cells. This indicates there may be a direct role for heat shock proteins in regulating the innate immune response, which plays an important role in the body's ability to fight off a disease that it has never been exposed to before”. *Disclaimer - As stated above, Infrared Saunas may help your immune system in a positive way. But please don't book in if you are showing any symptoms or have been in contact with someone who has had COVID-19 recently. To book in for an Infrared Sauna session contact us via our website. Statements included above taken from: ‘Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold’ - Cohen S, Tyrrell DA, Smith AP, Carnegie Mellon University (1991) ‘Effects of far-infrared sauna bathing on recovery from strength and endurance training sessions in men’ - Mero, A. Tornberg J, Mäntykoski M, Puurtinen R, University of Jyväskylä (2015) ‘Far-infrared therapy for cardiovascular, autoimmune, and other chronic health problems: A systematic review’ - Shanshan S, Wang X, Chiang J. Y, Zheng L. Hefei University of Technology (2015) ‘The NASA Light-Emitting Diode Medical Program- Progress in Space Flight and Terrestrial Applications. CP504, Space Technology and Applications International Forum’ - Whelan et al (2000) ‘Immunomodulatory Effects of Low-Intensity Near-Infrared Laser Irradiation on Contact Hypersensitivity Reaction.’ - Kandolf-Sekulovic L, Kataranovski M, Pavlovic M.D, Military Medical Academy (2003) ‘Infrared sauna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis’ - Oosterveld, F.G.J., Rasker, J.J., Floors, M. et al. Saxion University of Applied Sciences (2009) ‘Efficacy of Waon Therapy for Fibromyalgia’ - Matsushita K, Masuda A, Tei C. Kagoshima University Hospital (2008) ‘Effects of sauna bath on heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis’ - Källström M, Soveri I, Oldgren J, Laukkanen J, Ichiki T, Tei C,Timmerman M, Berglund L, Hägglund H, Uppsala University (2018) ‘Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat’ - Evans S.S, Repasky E.A, Fisher D.T. Roswell Park Cancer Institute (2015)

Many of us are aware of the term sensory deprivation and its association with Float tanks, but is this term accurate to describe the true float experience? Firstly, let’s look at the definition of ‘Sensory Deprivation’ taken from the Collins dictionary, ‘An experimental situation in which all stimulation is cut off from the sensory receptors’. Sensory input is greatly reduced during a float session, no light, no sound, we can’t really smell much nor taste anything in the float environment. In addition to this, once we lose sensation of water around us then our tactile system or sense of touch diminishes to a degree. These all form part of the five basic sensory systems, 1. Visual 2. Auditory 3. Olfactory (smell) system 4. Gustatory (taste) system 5. Tactile system But you also have the following: 6. Vestibular (Sense of head movement in space) System – The vestibular system contributes to balance and orientation in space. It is the leading system informing us about movement and position of head relative to gravity. The vestibular system contains three semi-circular canals, which are approximately at right angles to each other: the horizontal canal, which detects rotation around a vertical axis (as when you do spins in ice skating), the anterior semi-circular canal, detects movement in forward/backward plane as in a nodding movement. The posterior canal detects movement in a frontal plane as in when doing a cartwheel. The canal on each side has an almost parallel counterpart on the other side. Each pair of canals works in a push-pull fashion: when one is stimulated, its partner is inhibited. Together the partners allow us to sense rotation in all directions. 7. Proprioceptive (Sensations from muscles and joints of the body) System – The proprioceptive system senses the position, location, orientation and movement of the body muscles and joints. Proprioception provides us with the send of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body and effort used to move body parts. 8. Interoception – The eighth, often neglected sensory system is the Interoceptive System. Interoception refers to sensations relate to the physiological/physical condition of the body. Interoceptors are internal sensors that provide a sense of what our internal organs are feeling. Interoception detects responses that guide regulation, including heart rate & respiration. Interoception works the vestibular and proprioceptive senses to determine how an individual perceives their own body. Well-modulated interoception helps the individual detect the proprioceptive and vestibular sensation normally. Interoception is associated with autonomic motor control and is different to mechano-reception (The ability to detect and respond to certain kinds of stimuli – notably touch, sound and changes in pressure or posture – in your environment) and proprioception (in the muscles and joints). Interoception creates distinct feelings from the body including pain, temperature, itch, muscular and visceral sensations, hunger, thirst and the need for air. Essentially, we have both external and internal senses, during a standard float session the sensory input for your external senses is minimised as we already know. What we now know is that once these senses have been dampened, we become more aware of our internal senses through interoception. Let’s break it down and look at the different stages during a float session and how this affects your different senses. *This is based on a 60 min float session with 10 minutes of music at the start of the session and 5 minutes at the end, 45 mins of silence and with the lights in the pod off and the lid closed, water temperature is 35.5 degrees Celsius. The first 10 minutes: Music will play to help ease you into the session, at this point your auditory senses will be active. 10 – 20 minutes: You will initially be aware you are in water as you are trying to get into a comfortable position and allowing the water to settle around you. At this point your tactile system will be active. From here on in things get interesting…. Assuming you have the lights off in the pod and no music. 20 minutes – 55 minutes: Now, around the 20 minute mark you will hopefully have settled into a comfortable position and the following will have happened. All five basic sensory systems will have had their input greatly reduced. 1. Visual – No external light source, the only light source being produced from phosphenes inside your eye. A phosphene can be defined as the perception of light with no light actually being present. This entoptic (within-eye) phenomenon can include the perception of colours, flashes of light, and dots of light and dark that are not physically present. 2. Auditory – No external sounds, but there are other sounds which I will discuss below. 3. Olfactory (smell) system – You shouldn’t be able to smell anything in the clean, neutral environment of the pod. 4. Gustatory (taste) system – Unless you have eaten or drunk something with a strong taste you really won’t be tasting anything. 5. Tactile system – The reduction of the other sensory inputs is quite apparent, whereas the reduction of the tactile system is subtle. This is where you lose sensation of being in water, as your skin temperature and water temperature are the same. Once the tactile system is blissfully unaware it is in water, your internal senses kick in and you become more aware of your body’s internal processes. Let’s break these down into the different parts so we can get a better understanding of what is going on. During this period many people report the sensation of spinning around, drifting towards the left or right and on occasion the sensation that they are floating downstream. We have even had a few people state that they felt they were standing up during their Float session. This is all whilst they are lying still in the water, why does this happen? This is all down to your vestibular system and proprioceptive system; we know the vestibular system contributes to balance and orientation in space and the proprioceptive system senses the position, location, orientation and movement of the body muscles and joints. Astronauts experience similar sensations of disorientation during their first few days in the microgravity of space. A floater will not experience the same microgravity in a float pod as gravity is still exerting a force on the body, but the dense Epsom saltwater places the body in a balanced state. With the sensation of being in water removed and the action of floating on the water this confuses the vestibular system and proprioceptive system, with both systems trying to work out which way the body is orientated and the position of the arms, legs and head as they are not moving. The sensation of spinning does not last long, but the feeling of floating or being suspended continues and there is a smaller amount of disorientation which adds to the sensation of floating. We have briefly touched upon the vestibular and proprioceptive systems in relation to our physical position within this weird and wonderful alien environment of the float pod. The final sensory system and probably one of the most important is the interoceptive system, as I stated earlier ‘Interoceptors are internal sensors that provide a sense of what our internal organs are feeling.’ Some researchers believe that our perceptions of wellbeing, energy and stress are based on sensations representing the physiological condition of our bodies. They suggest that interoception is a foundation of subjective feelings, emotion and self-awareness. There is evidence that the anterior insula-cingulate system may integrate interoceptive information with emotional salience to form a subjective representation of the body. The question is how does interoception help us? Interoception has a big impact on how we feel, in our busy, stressed-out world we have lost the ability to do this subtle but important body check. We have stopped taking the time to check in with ourselves and see how we feel. By ignoring this hardwired impulse, we are missing an opportunity to feel better. When you start to become more aware of your body and how it feels you can start to impact your body’s functioning for the better. Everything from decreasing respiration to lowering your pulse to reducing the stress you carry in your body is possible with a higher sense of interoception. This is what happens during a float session, we become more aware of our breathing and heart rate slowing down. This in turn helps us to greatly reduce stress and anxiety, being more aware of internal processes helps us to understand what our bodies need to feel better. Interoception can have a huge impact for those suffering with anxiety. Dr Justin Feinstein, one of the leading experts and researchers in floatation therapy from the Laureate Institute of Brain Research has produced research about the benefits of floating and interoception. (1) In this study it was hypothesised that, ‘By removing exteroceptive sensation, Floatation-REST would enhance awareness for interoceptive sensation.’ It was found that, ‘Floating significantly enhanced attention regulation (ability to sustain attention on body sensations) and self-regulation (ability to regulate distress by attending to body sensations such as the breath).’ It appears that the Float environment seemed to increase the intensity and attention to the interoceptive sensations related to the breath and heartbeat. This is more so than experienced meditators who show poor interoceptive awareness with regards to the cardiac sensation under resting conditions. (2,3) The study shows how the float environment could help anxious individuals by helping them to anchor their attention onto internal sensations such as breath and heartbeat. This happens as a result of the extreme filtering of all external sensory distractions and stressors, this in turn enhances the interoceptive feeling of the heartbeat and the breath. We know the float experience minimises visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory and tactile sensory signals. We also know that during a float session our internal senses such as the vestibular system, proprioceptive system and our interoceptive system are enhanced. Enhancing the the interoceptive system also aids in effective emotion regulation. Effective emotion regulation involves the ability to accurately detect and evaluate cues related to physiological reactions to stressful events, accompanied by appropriate regulation strategies that temper and influence the emotional response. There is compelling evidence demonstrating links between poor or disrupted awareness of sensory information, or interoceptive awareness, and difficulties with emotion regulation. (4) Therefore this makes the float tank the perfect tool to increase interoceptive awareness with minimal effort and maximum benefit. Not only are you reducing the amount of tension, slowing your heart rate and breathing you are enhancing what I would argue as being one of the most important systems in your body when dealing with stress, chronic pain or trauma. Yes, you may be reducing the input into your basic sensory systems but what you gain is a major positive sensory enhancement through interoception. This is why I steer clear of the term sensory deprivation, as it is not a positive term and only focuses on what is taken away and not what you gain. Next time you float, just listen... You never know what you will learn about yourself. 1. Justin S. Feinstein, Sahib S. Khalsa, Hung Yeh, Obada Al Zoubi, Armen C. Arevian, Colleen Wohlrab, Marie K. Pantino, Laci J. Cartmell, W. Kyle Simmons, Murray B. Stein, and Martin P. Paulus (2018): The Elicitation of Relaxation and Interoceptive Awareness Using Floatation Therapy in Individuals With High Anxiety Sensitivity. Biological Psychiatry 3:555–562 2. Khalsa SS, Rudrauf D, Damasio AR, Davidson RJ, Lutz A, Tranel D (2008): Interoceptive awareness in experienced meditators. Psychophysiology 45:671–677. 3. Khalsa SS, Lapidus RC (2016): Can interoception improve the pragmatic search for biomarkers in psychiatry? Front Psychiatry 7:121 4. Cynthia J. Price, Carole Hooven (2018): Interoceptive Awareness Skills for Emotion Regulation: Theory and Approach of Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT). Frontiers in Psychology 9:798

Floatation Therapy or Floatation REST (Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique) has been around for many years, since 1954 when John C. Lilly an American Neuroscientist built his first upright tank to study the effects of reduced sensory input on the mind. Instead of turning off, the mind stayed on and continued to have experiences independent of external sensory stimuli. The floatation tank is a place to minimize the information coming into the sensory processing channels of the body, to be isolated from the stressors that await in the outside world. It can be used as a tool to re-programme our behaviour and improve our mental & physical health. Floating is now being used by many top athletes and teams, including Stephen Curry (Golden State Warriors), Novak Djokavic, Tom Brady (New England Patriots), The Australian Institute of Sport, The British Rowing Team and the US Navy SEALS among a number of others across the globe. Here are 7 reasons why you should float, 1. Stress Reduction Stress can have a huge impact on our lives, when we experience an abnormal amount of stress we can suffer from depression, anxiety, insomnia, decreased self-esteem, irritability, compromised immune system and impaired performance. In our fast paced society stress management is of the utmost importance. Floatation therapy has been used successfully in clinical stress management and has been found to reduce blood pressure, cortisol levels, and other stress-related neuro-chemicals such as norepinephrine, adrenaline and ACTH (Turner & Fine, 1983; Turner & Fine, 1991; Dierendonck, 2005). These neuro-chemicals are known to trigger the fight-or-flight response, which is great if we need to react quickly to life-threatening situations. But not when our body overreacts to stressors that are not life-threatening, such as traffic jams, work pressure, and family difficulties. By eliciting the relaxation response, floatation therapy puts us in a calm, unshakable, steady, balanced, and totally concentrated state of mind that allows us to manage stress effectively. 2. Anxiety Relief Previous research has presented floatation therapy as a tool to help reduce stress and increase relaxation. Although, many studies have used healthy subjects, only a few studies have surveyed floating for people with anxiety. Recent research published in PLoS ONE by Dr Justin Feinstein (2018), specifically noted how floating affects people with signs of stress, depression, and anxiety. The study included 50 participants indicating a wide variety of stress-related symptoms and anxiety disorders such as social and generalized anxiety, panic, and post-traumatic stress. 30 healthy individuals also involved in the study offer context. After experiencing floatation therapy, 47 out of 50 patients felt floating could be an efficient intervention for minimizing levels of anxiety. As well as this, every participant requested to try the treatment again. Therefore, the study suggests that floating may be successful treatment for anxiety since after just one float participants mood improved and anxiety was reduced. Floatation therapy has the ability to trigger the relaxation response in the body. The relaxation response, which is the opposite of the fight-or-flight response, impacts the parasympathetic nervous system, reducing blood pressure, heart rate, and slowing breathing. 3. Pain relief and pain management There is a significant amount of evidence that suggests that float therapy is a useful option for people who deal with chronic pain. It can be an effective, all-natural treatment for many different types of pain, including muscle tension pain. For individuals managing muscle tension pain, the study ‘Effects of flotation-REST on muscle tension pain’ by Kjellgren et al. (2001) showed how floatation therapy drastically reduced the most acute perceived pain in patients, while those who had very low perceived pain saw no results. Participants also experienced lifted optimism, a better night’s sleep and a reduction in the degree of depression and anxiety due to treatment with REST therapy. Athletes struggling with post-workout pain may also benefit from floatation therapy. After rigorous physical training, athletes often have trouble coping with pain caused by an increase in blood lactate. In a study by Morgan, P.M. et al (2013) which involved 24 college students, they observed how float therapy encouraged faster recovery and less pain after physical training by reducing blood lactate levels. 4. Sports recovery For recreational exercisers and performance athletes it is incredibly important to recognize how to balance training, stress and recovery time. As it stands, there is no standard agreement on the amount of rest needed between training sessions. Nonetheless it was found that 1-2 days’ rest between sessions for the most untrained and trained athletes should be ideal. Floating lowers the amount of recovery time needed decreasing lactic-acid levels, increasing blood circulation, and relieving the pain of injuries. Blood is free to circulate easily by relieving gravitational pressure reaching tendons, joints, muscles, and ligaments that may be tender or injured. This improved circulation enables your body to carry biochemicals and waste away such as lactic acid – a toxic by-product of glucose metabolism. During strenuous physical activity lactic acid gathers in the muscles and can cause cramping, tightness and pain. As well as minimizing the quantity of negative biochemicals and increasing the good ones, floating can help athletes with pain relief. Floatation does this via the release of endorphins, alongside greater awareness of painful areas holding knots and tension; allowing athletes to heal in good time and conquer fatigue. Morgan et al. (2013). Floatation therapy offers undeniable health benefits by reducing recovery time and stress in an extremely relaxing environment, floating provides strong advantages to both high-level athletes and recreational exercisers. 5. Performance For a long time, researchers have known that an athlete’s mental game plays an enormously crucial role in their performance. A study by Richardson (1998) effortlessly explains why floating works so positively to improve an athlete’s mental training. Richardson states: “Floatation-REST works to enhance athletic performance because it provides a profoundly relaxing experience in an environment conducive to greater amounts and better quality of sports-related imagery, planning strategic thought processes than possible in other environments”. The tank guides the athlete to control each aspect of the sought-after athletic experience. The individual can go through the motions of match or technique, fully absorbed in visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory imagery. In the study by Suedfeld & Bruno (1990), it was found that the true key to effective imagery is deep relaxation. Suedfeld also discovered that float tanks increase the clarity, intensity, production, and controllability of mental imagery. For athletes determined to step up their mental game, clearly, floatation therapy is needed to enhance performance. 6. Creativity Floating can be great for creativity and for those who are having a mental block and need space to let their mind be free to formulate new ideas or to gain a new perspective on a particular issue. In 1987, the University of British Columbia performed a research study on psychology professors who self-reported their own creativity. The tests were performed before and after floating, and they rated their ideas in a blind sampling 6 months later. The study found that professors came up with more ideas after floating, and that those ideas were generally more creative. Suedfeld, P., Metcalfe, J. & Bluck, S. (1994). Studies were also done at the Karlstad University in 2008, showing a marked change in post-float brains in the areas of consciousness, cognition, imagination, and personality, Kjellgren, A., Lyden, F. & Norlander, T. (2008). Floating resets the mind, in a sense, and makes it easier to concentrate and stay productive. These effects can last for days, helping you make creative leaps and stay on top of your game. 7. Altered states of consciousness Floating can help you to access altered states of consciousness in a safe way with minimal effort required. In 2008, Kjellgren, Lyden, Norlander from Karlstad University ran a study focusing on the subjective experience of floatation and the extent to which an altered state of consciousness is part of this experience. They interviewed subjects from previous floatation studies to understand their view of their experiences whilst in the tank and their perceived after-effects. They found a number of common experiences that regular floaters had experienced during the float sessions including, changes in their perception of time, visual and acoustic changes in perception, dissolution of body boundaries, increased creativity and transpersonal experiences (an experience of unified connectedness beyond the ego level). The float tank provides the perfect environment to reach altered states of consciousness and explore your mind on a totally new level. Whether you need mental & physical recovery, looking to improve your performance or need time to de-stress then I highly recommend giving floating a try. The UK/ROI Float Directory is a great place to find float centres near you. It can take a couple of sessions to get into it but once you do you will be hooked. Statements included above taken from: 'Effects of Relaxation Associated with Brief Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) on Plasma Cortisol, ACTH, and LH' - John W. Turner, Jr., and Thomas H. Fine, Medical College of Ohio (1983) 'Restricting environmental stimulation influences levels and variability of plasma cortisol' - John W. Turner, Jr., and Thomas H. Fine, Medical College of Ohio (1991) 'Flotation restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST) as a stress-management tool: A meta-analysis' - Dirk Van Dierendonck & Jan Te Nijenhuis, University of Amsterdam/ Leiden University (2005) 'Examining the short-term anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of Floatation-REST' - Justin S. Feinstein, Sahib S. Khalsa, Hung-wen Yeh, Colleen Wohlrab, W. Kyle Simmons, Murray B. Stein, Martin P. Paulus, Laureate Institute of Brain Research (2018) 'Effects of flotation-REST on muscle tension pain' - Anette Kjellgren MSc, Ulf Sundequist MA, Torsten Norlander PhD, Trevor Archer PhD, Karlstad University Sweden (2001) 'The Acute Effects of Floatation Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique on Recovery from Maximal Eccentric Exercise' - Paul M. Morgan, Amanda J. Salacinski and Matthew A. Stults-Kolehmainen, University DeKalb, Illinois (2013) 'Imagery, progressive muscle relaxation and restricted environmental stimulation: Enhancing Mental Training and Rowing Ergometer Performance Through Flotation REST' - Sean Oliver Richardson, The University of British Columbia (1995) 'Floatation REST and Imagery in the Improvement of Athletic Performance' - Peter Suedfeld and Talino Bruno, The University of British Columbia (1990) 'Explaining the effects of stimulus restriction: Testing the dynamic hemispheric asymmetry hypothesis' - Peter Suedfeld, G. Daniel Steel, Alistair B.C. Wallbaum, Susan Bluck, Nigel Livesey and Lorianna Capozzi, The University of British Columbia (1994) 'Sensory Isolation in Flotation Tanks: Altered States of Consciousness and Effects on Well-being' - Anette Kjellgren, Francisca Lyden, and Torsten Norlander, Karlstad University (2008)

I felt inspired to write about the importance of kindness because of the BBC Article Why being kind could help you live longer - By Lauren Turner BBC News, Washington. I was fascinated by some of the findings in this article relating to kindness and how engaging in kindness has its own therapeutic benefits. Columbia University doctor Kelli Harding has been examining the phenomenon in her recent book, The Rabbit Effect. She says: "It helps the immune system, blood pressure, it helps people to live longer and better. It's pretty amazing because there's an ample supply and you can't overdose on it. There's a free supply. It's right there." The Domino Affect This type of thinking made me reflect on my personal float journey. My younger years included a lack of self-care and awareness towards allowing myself time to reflect. I think I knew what I needed but did not necessarily have the tools to put this into practice. Once floating entered my life it felt like a whole new world started opening up for me which made me healthier, happier and kinder. I suppose you could describe it as a classic domino affect; being kind to yourself leads to kindness towards others. Being kind may come naturally to some which is brilliant and something the world needs more of. Yet, in an age of increasing pressures, financial insecurity, and an overall faster pace of life (without sounding too bleak) perhaps kindness does not range very high on one’s list of priorities. Is that why we have to dedicate a day to ‘World Kindness?’ Or write such articles like the one I have referenced or the one I am even writing? Do we need to be reminded of how to be kind to one another? This brings me to my point about self-care and why we may need not just want a self-care routine. Self-care routine We are commonly told how important it is to ‘be kind’ to ourselves, slow down and relax. Some of us get caught up in work and taking care of others that we neglect our own needs. We forget that we are not super-heroes and we deserve if not need to Rest and Recover. Here are a few of my personal tips on how self-care may lead to kindness: - Listen to your body’s needs and you may find you are listening attentively to others. - Allow yourself to become open-minded; it could open you up to people you never thought you could relate to. - If you experience negativity and unkindness around you then remind yourself, it is less about you and more about the other. Reflect on your own actions and choose to respond in a way that brings you peace of mind. - Enjoy being alone through meditation, walking or floatation therapy because this is where you discover peace which lends its hand to kindness. Floating as an act of kindness Everyday Michael and I feel fortunate to run a centre in a beautiful village that values health and well-being. Our clients come from near and far to float, rest and learn new ways to enrich their health. It’s the small details that made us realise how much of a difference floatation therapy has on our clients. After floating, we noticed how neatly our clients would stack towels ready for us to wash and collect, bring back their mugs and sorbet jars (even though its their time to relax.) Or talk to us about a certain friend, family member or partner who would enjoy the benefits of floating. They are eager to spread the joy that they have just experienced to as many others as possible. For us this is true kindness to become so content in yourself that it shows not only in words but actions. Your thoughts…. As we come to the end of the year, some of us will look back and wonder what we achieved in the year. We may make bigger plans for the months ahead, realise what we need more of in life. Whatever this time for reflection brings up; let us hope that ‘kindness’ is given a thought. By placing kindness at the forefront of what we do it could be life-changing. Or it could just mean you have a better relationship with yourself. Having a better relationship with yourself is pretty powerful in its own right. So spare an hour for yourself, doing something you love and the kindest thing you could do is to share that with someone.

In the last blog post I explained why a number of people report seeing colours and patterns during a float session. In this post I ask, Why do some of us have visual hallucinations during a float session? Before I answer that question, I thought I would give you a few examples of visual experiences that some of our clients and myself have had. It is worth noting that this is not as common as people think it is, some people are more susceptible than others, but it is not truly known why. One client stated they saw a small red dragon flying around inside the pod, another saw the most beautiful cat they had ever seen. They have all been positive experiences and childlike and intriguing in many ways. To date I have had 5 extremely vivid hallucinations during a float session, this has been over a period of 8 years with around 800 hrs of floating. There is one particular float session that stands out for me, I floated in the early evening with music at the beginning and end of the session. I am not sure how long I was in there before the magic started to happen. This was the fifth time that something appeared, I knew something was going to happen when I had the sensation of someone shining a bright light on my face (My eyes were closed at the time, the pod light off with my head away from the lid). This had happened on the previous three visual experiences, so I was aware of the sign so to speak. I could see the pink of my eyelids where the bright light was shining on my face. In my mind I knew it wasn’t there, but I let go of that thought immediately and then opened my eyes. The first thing I noticed was that the I could see the room lights on through the lid of the pod, it was as though the outline of the top half of the pod was like a forcefield (imagine the forcefield on the Death Star). The lines of the pod were shimmering with some sort of electrical energy, the strangest thing was that the lights in the room were on. The lights were definitely off when I started the float session. I looked down and could see the shower in the corner of the room, I felt as though I was drifting down very slowly. As I was falling, I looked up and could see the walls of the room bending inwards (Think Inception). The more I fell the more the lights on the ceiling started merging together as the walls literally began folding in on themselves until the lights disappeared and all that was left was darkness. I closed my eyes and next thing I know the music came back on and it was the end of the session. I don’t know how long the visual hallucination went on for, it may have been 30 seconds or a minute, time doesn’t seem to exist in the pod. It was definitely the most vivid visual I have had to date, I would like to add that this was just from a float session. Since then I have had a few minor visuals, colours and shapes mainly. You are probably wondering why, I had the same thought after the float. I think part of the reason was that my mind accepted it and just went along for the ride, if you start focusing on a visual for too long during a float it will disappear. There are a few reasons that may explain why this happened which I will explore below. Upon reflection, the key aspect with all these experiences was the fact that I was overly tired prior to the float session. In the earlier days of starting out and working ridiculous hours to get the business up and running combined with the extra stress of maintaining the business, floating was needed! Hence the lack of sleep on a number of occasions. It is well documented that a common side effect of sleep deprivation is hallucination, as evidenced by, but not limited to, long distance swimmers, ultra-marathon runners and overly ambitious university students. According to one Stanford researcher, at least 80% of people will hallucinate if severely sleep deprived (severe meaning anything from getting only a few hours sleep in a single night to going for days without sleeping). Given such a high frequency, there must be a physiological basis for those induced visions of things not really there. Lack of sleep disturbs visual processing, which results in false perceptions that can manifest as hallucination, illusion or both as I found out. Your brain is constantly making up its own reality whether it receives actual reality-driven input from your senses or not. It works because your brain tries to fill in the gaps when it’s deprived of sensory stimulation. Basically, your brain constantly wants to find patterns in things. So, when you have an unstructured stimulus, like a uniform field of light or white noise in your ears – or both you’ll potentially start to hallucinate because your brain is trying to fill in those gaps, convincing itself that it is actually seeing or hearing things that aren’t there. Beyond a doubt, we ‘see’ with more than just our eyes. And what we see is affected by, among other things, by how much we have slept. This is also the case in a sensory deprived environment. In a study called, ‘Cognitive factors in source monitoring and auditory hallucinations’ by Morrison and Haddock, 1997. It was found that short term sensory deprivation was found to lead to increases in perceptual disturbances. Hallucination prone participants experienced greater perceptual disturbances than non-prone participants. This result can be interpreted as supporting a source monitoring explanation for the generation of hallucinations in the absence of external stimuli. Essentially this means that these unusual perceptions arise out of an abnormality in the brains’ inferencing mechanisms such that new evidence (including sensations) is not properly integrated, leading to false prediction errors. In the absence of external stimuli, perceptual distortions are presumably internally generated by the individual, and in addition are misattributed as external in origin possibly due to an abnormality in updating one’s experience of the world with this new data. You may be wondering why some people can have visuals and have a deep float experience whilst others just have a relaxing time in the shallows. There are a number of factors, some of which I spoke about in this blog and the previous post. Are there other factors exclusive to the individual? How can someone best approach their float to increase the chance of having a profoundly deep positive experience? Setting ‘Setting’ is comprised of the details of the space that you’re in physically, at the float centre the physical setting is already set up for you. There is a clean space with relaxing music and all the necessary amenities. All you really have to do is walk in, get in the float room, get naked and float. What we are responsible for is how we interact with that space i.e. Have you arrived in a calm manner or did you rush to get to the centre? If you rushed, then it can take you a lot longer to really get into the session. Being in the right frame of mind before you arrive will help you get the most out of your session. You may have a specific intention you want to focus on such as reflective practice or just a simple intention to relax and refresh. The biggest difference between those that have ‘deep’ and potentially visual floats & those that have ‘light’ floats is in their concept of the pod itself, this can be interpreted as a reflection of how one views themselves. Is it just our physical & mental self that enters the pod or something much, much more? There’s a great difference in viewing the float pod as a large salty bath to help you relax and a microscope to explore the unknown mysteries of consciousness. The key lies in our expectations, these directly influence the outcome. Even more so in an environment that involves our private mental world. So, the float pod is only a vehicle. You simply have to open yourself to it, there may be mental resistance or ego boundaries at play that limit the potential of visuals and consciousness exploration. If you enter the pod and are only concerned with comfort and psychological security, then once you lower the lid you are not only shutting out the outside world you are also shutting out the unknown from your experience. By letting go you are potentially inviting significant insight, spontaneous moments of ‘no-mind’, ideas and possibility of vivid visuals. Once the physical self is merged with the water, only then is the mind truly free to explore. It is the fear of losing a firm grip on the situation that holds us back, relinquish control and trust in the security of the pod and your mind. Just go with it and feel the moment. What you will experience could well be profoundly significant in many ways. When we relax the mind and our fears of losing control (which we never truly had), we create a space within and without, which allows the fresh and vibrant to arise.